chứng minh rằng
a , \(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{16}+...+\dfrac{1}{512}-\dfrac{1}{1024}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)
b , \(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{2}{3^2}+\dfrac{3}{3^3}-\dfrac{4}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{99}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}\) < \(\dfrac{3}{16}\)
1/ Cho A= \(\dfrac{1}{3}\)-\(\dfrac{2}{3^2}\)+\(\dfrac{3}{3^3}\)-\(\dfrac{4}{3^4}\)+.....+\(\dfrac{99}{3^{99}}\)-\(\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}\) Chứng minh A < \(\dfrac{3}{16}\)
2/ Cho B=(\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)-1)(\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)-1)....(\(\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)-1) So sánh B và \(\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
2:
\(B=\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100^2}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{-99}{100}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{4}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{101}{100}\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{100}\cdot\dfrac{101}{2}=\dfrac{-101}{200}< -\dfrac{100}{200}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
BT1: CMR:
a) \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{36}+\dfrac{1}{64}+\dfrac{1}{100}+\dfrac{1}{144}+\dfrac{1}{196}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) \(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{30}+\dfrac{1}{32}+\dfrac{1}{35}+\dfrac{1}{45}+\dfrac{1}{47}+\dfrac{1}{50}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
d) \(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{32}-\dfrac{1}{64}< \dfrac{1}{3}\)
e) \(\dfrac{1}{3}< \dfrac{2}{3^2}+\dfrac{3}{3^3}-\dfrac{4}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{99}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}< \dfrac{3}{16}\)
f) \(\dfrac{1}{41}+\dfrac{1}{42}+\dfrac{1}{43}+...+\dfrac{1}{79}+\dfrac{1}{80}>\dfrac{7}{12}\)
BT2: Tính tổng
a) A=\(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\)
b) E=\(1+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+2\right)+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+2+3\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1+2+3+4\right)+...+\dfrac{1}{200}\left(1+2+3+...+200\right)\)
BT3: Cho S=\(\dfrac{3}{10}+\dfrac{3}{11}+\dfrac{3}{12}+\dfrac{3}{13}+\dfrac{3}{14}\)
CMR: 1 < S < 2
bài này có trong sách Nâng cao và Phát triển bạn nhé
Tính
A=\(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{2}{13}}.\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{64}-\dfrac{3}{256}}{1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
Sửa đề
\(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{2}{13}}\cdot\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{64}-\dfrac{3}{256}}{\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{64}-\dfrac{1}{256}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{2\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{64}-\dfrac{1}{256}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{64}-\dfrac{1}{256}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot3+\dfrac{5}{8}=\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{5}{8}=\dfrac{17}{8}\)
A= \(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{2}{13}}.\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{64}-\dfrac{3}{256}}{1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
=> \(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{2.(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13})}.\dfrac{3.(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}-\dfrac{1}{256})}{\dfrac{4}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
=> \(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{2.(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13})}.\dfrac{3.(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}-\dfrac{1}{256})}{4.(\dfrac{1}{4})-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{3.(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{4^3}-\dfrac{1}{16^2})}{4.(\dfrac{1}{4})-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{3.(-\dfrac{1}{4^2}-\dfrac{1}{16^2})}{4-\dfrac{1}{4^3}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{3.(-\dfrac{1}{16^2})}{4.-\dfrac{1}{4^2}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
A= \(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{2}{13}}.\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{64}-\dfrac{3}{256}}{1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{3.(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}-\dfrac{1}{256})}{4.\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{3.(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}-\dfrac{1}{4^4})}{4.\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{3.\dfrac{1}{4^3}}{4.}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
Cách này cũng được và gọn hơn
CMR : a, \(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{36}+\dfrac{1}{64}+\dfrac{1}{100}+\dfrac{1}{144}+\dfrac{1}{196}+...+\dfrac{1}{10000}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
b, \(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{32}-\dfrac{1}{64}< \dfrac{1}{3}\)
Ta có: \(VT=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}\)
\(4VT=\dfrac{1}{2^2:2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2:2^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2:2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2:2^2}\)
\(4VT=\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50^2}\)
Lại có: \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)
\(...\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\)
\(\Rightarrow4VT-1< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{49.50}\)(*)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{50}\) (**)
Từ (*) và (**) \(\Rightarrow4VT< 2-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{200}< VP\Rightarrow\) đpcm
b) Ta có: \(2VT=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{32}\)
\(2VT+VT=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{32}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{32}-\dfrac{1}{64}\right)\)
\(3VT=1-\dfrac{1}{64}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow VT< \dfrac{1}{3}\) (đpcm)
Chứng minh rằng: A=\(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{2}{3^2}+\dfrac{3}{3^3}-\dfrac{4}{3^4}+...+\dfrac{99}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{100}{3^{100}}< \dfrac{3}{16}\)
BT1: Tính
4) \(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{2}{13}}.\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{64}-\dfrac{3}{264}}{\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}-\dfrac{1}{264}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{2.\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}\right)}.\dfrac{3.\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}-\dfrac{1}{264}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}-\dfrac{1}{264}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.3=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Tính nhanh
\(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{2}{13}}.\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{64}-\dfrac{3}{264}}{1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{2}{7}-\dfrac{2}{13}}\cdot\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{64}-\dfrac{3}{264}}{1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}}{2\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{13}\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}\right)}{1-\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{64}}+\dfrac{5}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{5}{8}=\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{5}{8}=1\)
b) B=\(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{22}+\dfrac{1}{13}-0,5}{\dfrac{3}{13}-\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{3}{22}}.\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-0,375+\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{32}}{1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}-0,875}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Ta có: \(B=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{22}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{13}}{\dfrac{3}{22}-\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{3}{13}}\cdot\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{4}-0.375+\dfrac{3}{16}-\dfrac{3}{32}}{1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}-0.875}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot\dfrac{-15}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{-5}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
